{"id":1593,"date":"2022-07-05T14:53:29","date_gmt":"2022-07-05T06:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atelierauction.com\/globalupdates\/?p=1593"},"modified":"2022-07-05T14:53:29","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T06:53:29","slug":"bulging-codpieces-multicolored-tights-renaissance-mens-fashion-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.atelierauction.com\/globalupdates\/artist\/bulging-codpieces-multicolored-tights-renaissance-mens-fashion-today\/","title":{"rendered":"BULGING CODPIECES &#038; MULTICOLORED TIGHTS: RENAISSANCE MEN\u2019S FASHION TODAY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"s1\">Certain men\u2019s fashions have always\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s2\">been controversial. In 2014, Mark Rylance, a star of the BBC\u2019s popular sixteenth-century TV drama \u201c<a id=\"auto-tag_wolf-hall\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atelierauction.com\/globalupdates\/\" data-tag=\"wolf-hall\">Wolf Hall<\/a>,\u201d told reporters that he thought \u201cthe codpieces are too small.\u201d The actor, who played chief minister Thomas Cromwell, protagonist of the Hilary Mantel best seller on which the series was based, speculated that the sartorial edit was perhaps a directive from the show\u2019s American producers, who feared that historically accurate codpieces might shock their transatlantic viewers. Indeed, if you look at any number of\u00a0<a id=\"auto-tag_renaissance-portraits\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atelierauction.com\/globalupdates\/\" data-tag=\"renaissance-portraits\">Renaissance portraits<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a id=\"auto-tag_henry-viii\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atelierauction.com\/globalupdates\/\" data-tag=\"henry-viii\">Henry VIII<\/a>, you might be immediately taken aback by the elaborate mound of shimmering white silk that bursts forth and rises up conspicuously between the king\u2019s legs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Damian Lewis, who had the monarch\u2019s role in the show, explained to the\u00a0<i>Los Angeles Times\u00a0<\/i>that these unusual attachments were \u201ca symbol of your virility, your derring-do, your sense of adventure. They were encouraged, it was a fashion, and Henry liked them.\u201d The finely crafted attention magnets, as critic Michael Glover recounted in\u00a0<i>Thrust: A Spasmodic Pictorial History of the Codpiece in Art\u00a0<\/i>(2019), were not meant to be functional but to draw the beholder\u2019s eye to the site of a man\u2019s power. In Henry\u2019s case, the ostentatious fashion add-ons also helped divert attention away from an ever-increasing obesity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Codpieces were hardly alone in Renaissance fashion for augmenting the reality of male bodies. There were form-defining doublets cut from silk and figure-concealing tunics lined with fur, striped and multicolored tights that drew attention to men\u2019s legs, body-sculpting leather and plate-metal cuirasses, embroidered garments embellished with light-reflecting gold threads, perfumed gloves trimmed with lace, velvet caps encrusted with gems, and suits of armor often chased in exquisite detail.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content-image \/\/ \">\n<figure class=\"o-figure   alignleft size-medium wp-image-1234633003 lrv-u-max-width-100p\">\n<div class=\"c-lazy-image  \">\n<div class=\"lrv-a-crop-16x9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-lazy-image__img lrv-u-background-color-grey-lightest lrv-u-width-100p lrv-u-display-block lrv-u-height-auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_BrilliantBodies_DH-1.jpg?w=400\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 87.5rem) 1000px, (min-width: 78.75rem) 681px, (min-width: 48rem) 450px, (max-width: 48rem) 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_BrilliantBodies_DH-1.jpg 947w, https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_BrilliantBodies_DH-1.jpg?resize=400,342 400w\" alt=\"Cover of the book &quot;Brilliant Bodies,&quot; showing a young Renaissance man in close-up profile.\" width=\"400\" height=\"342\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"c-figcaption  lrv-u-font-size-12 lrv-u-flex lrv-u-flex-direction-column lrv-u-padding-tb-025\"><span class=\"lrv-u-font-size-14@desktop\"><em>Brilliant Bodies: Fashioning Courtly Men in Early Renaissance Italy<\/em>, by Timothy McCall, University Park, Penn State University Press, 2022; 240 pages, 36 color and 50 black-and-white illustrations, $109.95 hardcover.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">In the second half of the sixteenth century, an age of heightened moral, economic, and political austerity, black became the new gold and men transformed from \u201cpeacocks to penguins,\u201d or so we are told in art historian Timothy McCall\u2019s wonderful new study\u00a0<i>Brilliant Bodies: Fashioning Courtly Men in Early Renaissance Italy<\/i>. The book focuses on \u201caristocratic ideologies of bodily representation,\u201d that is, on the way the \u201cfifteenth-century glitterati\u201d or the \u201cRenaissance one percent\u201d used fashion to project and consolidate their political clout.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">These Italian lords were the fashionistas and influencers of their time, determining what and who was in and out. Rulers introduced \u201cdevices\u201d and \u201cemblems\u201d (essentially logos) meant to be stitched on the lush robes they distributed to their followers. Families differentiated themselves through color as well. Men in the House of Este in Ferrara wore green, red, and white, while over at the House of Sforza in Milan under Ludovico il Moro, the clan favored morello<i>\u00a0<\/i>(dark red), for it invoked the duke\u2019s nickname. Renaissance rulers cultivated \u201cbrilliant bodies\u201d because \u201cit was a prince\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">duty to exhibit and manifest extravagance, t<\/span><span class=\"s1\">o distance himself visually from his subjects.\u201d In contrast to the \u201cgreat masculine renunciation of fashion\u201d that would take place in modern times, a cultural shift noted by British psychologist John Carl Fl\u00fcgel in\u00a0<i>The Psychology of Clothes<\/i>\u00a0(1930), McCall lays out a prehistory of bling in elite menswear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Readers who worry that McCall\u2019s book might be an academic affair directed toward art historians, costume scholars, archivists, and other specialists need not fear: the chapters are beautifully illustrated, the writing is accessible, the argument is clearly developed with a critical eye toward current debates on gender, identity, and the symbolic valorization of whiteness, or \u201cbrilliance,\u201d in the courts of early Renaissance Europe, where aristocratic men and women regularly bleached their hair blond, powdered their hands and faces white, and embellished their clothing with shimmering metallic threads and gems that made their bodies glow like the sun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The volume illustrates a rich selection of frescoes, panel paintings, illuminated manuscripts, sculptures, prints, and surviving historical costumes, and provides a user-friendly glossary of the key Italian Renaissance fashion terms. The author explains as well the difficulties of acquiring expensive dyes, and rehearses the intricate technique of velvet and brocade production.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content-image \/\/ \">\n<figure class=\"o-figure   alignright size-medium wp-image-1234632979 lrv-u-max-width-100p\">\n<div class=\"c-lazy-image  \">\n<div class=\"lrv-a-crop-16x9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-lazy-image__img lrv-u-background-color-grey-lightest lrv-u-width-100p lrv-u-display-block lrv-u-height-auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?w=341\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 87.5rem) 1000px, (min-width: 78.75rem) 681px, (min-width: 48rem) 450px, (max-width: 48rem) 250px\" alt=\"A portrait of Henry VIII standing with legs far apart, shoulders exaggerated by robes, a large codpiece, and his hand on a dagger at his side.\" width=\"341\" height=\"600\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"c-figcaption  lrv-u-font-size-12 lrv-u-flex lrv-u-flex-direction-column lrv-u-padding-tb-025\"><span class=\"lrv-u-font-size-14@desktop\">A painting by an unknown artist of Henry VIII, ca. 1537-62, based on Hans Holbein the Younger\u2019s Whitehall mural, destroyed by a fire in 1698.<\/span><cite class=\"lrv-u-text-transform-uppercase lrv-u-color-grey\">COURTESY WALKER ART GALLERY, LIVERPOOL<\/cite><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">There is also a lot of juicy historical gossip. In the introduction, we meet Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan, who refused to wear armor to church under his luxurious vestments, because he thought it made him look \u201ctoo fat.\u201d It was an unfortunate decision, for a group of assassins descended upon him with daggers in 1476, and the unprotected Sforza became what McCall describes as \u201ca (proto)martyr for fashion and a veritable Renaissance fashion victim.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Sforza was somewhat a fashion addict. McCall regales the reader with behind-the-scenes tales about a panicky court procurer trying to locate hard-to-find fashion accessories for an upcoming gala. In another chapter, we hear about the rampant fat-shaming that took place in Italian aristocratic circles, where a slender silhouette, glowing white skin, and shapely legs defined the ideal of masculine beauty. Sforza\u2019s body dysmorphia was not helped by his sister Ippolita, who teased him for his weight gain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In this he was not alone. Ludovico Gonzaga\u2014the illustrious patriarch most famously portrayed in Andrea Mantegna\u2019s fresco for the Camera degli Sposi in Mantua\u2014recalled how in his childhood he was compared with a pig by his own father and later forced to diet, \u201ceating little, drinking lots of water, and hardly sleeping.\u201d His own son Federico would be ridiculed by his sister Barbara, who remarked that his waistline had \u201cgrown and multiplied\u201d so much that he would soon be mistaken for a pregnant woman. Fashion was a means to mitigate, transform, and tweak the ponderous bulk of well-fed lordly bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The role of fashion in the invention<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">of European male identities is also the theme of \u201c<a id=\"auto-tag_fashioning-masculinities\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AtelierAuctionsg\" data-tag=\"fashioning-masculinities\">Fashioning Masculinities<\/a>: The Art of Menswear,\u201d currently on view at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The introductory wall text invites us to \u201cstride, saunter or sashay into a world of exploring and celebrating how designers, tailors and artists, clients, models and sitters, fashion and refashion masculinities.\u201d In this joyous show, \u201cmasculinities\u201d and \u201cmenswear\u201d are understood as broad, fluid terms, and some 100 items dating from the Renaissance to today are presented in three sequential thematic sections: \u201cUndressed,\u201d \u201cOverdressed,\u201d and \u201cRedressed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content-image \/\/ \">\n<figure class=\"o-figure   aligncenter wp-image-1234632982 size-full lrv-u-max-width-100p\">\n<div class=\"c-lazy-image  \">\n<div class=\"lrv-a-crop-16x9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-lazy-image__img lrv-u-background-color-grey-lightest lrv-u-width-100p lrv-u-display-block lrv-u-height-auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Installation-view-finale-of-Fashioning-Masculinities-at-VA-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 87.5rem) 1000px, (min-width: 78.75rem) 681px, (min-width: 48rem) 450px, (max-width: 48rem) 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Installation-view-finale-of-Fashioning-Masculinities-at-VA-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Installation-view-finale-of-Fashioning-Masculinities-at-VA-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg?resize=400,259 400w\" alt=\"A dark gallery containing Victorian ruffled dresses show against walls bearing projections of semi-nude male bodies.\" width=\"1250\" height=\"809\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"c-figcaption  lrv-u-font-size-12 lrv-u-flex lrv-u-flex-direction-column lrv-u-padding-tb-025\"><span class=\"lrv-u-font-size-14@desktop\">View of the exhibition \u201cFashioning Masculinities: The Art of Menswear,\u201d 2022, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.<\/span><cite class=\"lrv-u-text-transform-uppercase lrv-u-color-grey\">PHOTO PETER KELLEHER, COURTESY VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM, LONDON<\/cite><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In the first room, Jean-Paul Gaultier\u2019s 1996 trompe l\u2019oeil blazer confronts visitors, a white jacket printed with a finely chiseled male torso. It is a perfect summary of the argument in this first section: for centuries, Western culture has purveyed an intimidating male ideal that melds strength, virility, and elegance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">This thesis is further explored through a wild diversity of objects. Plaster casts of various Classical statues tower above the displays, juxtaposed in delightful, unexpected conversations with (among other things) Robert Mapplethorpe\u2019s portrait of an androgynous Patti Smith in a man\u2019s shirt, a deconstructed Action Man figure, a treatise on ideal proportions of the body by Albrecht D\u00fcrer, the oversize fig leaf that once sheathed the replica of Michelangelo\u2019s\u00a0<i>David<\/i>\u00a0in the V&amp;A, a photograph of actor Mahershala Ali by Willy Vanderperre for Calvin Klein underwear, and a homoerotic piet\u00e1-like drawing by Tom of Finland that portrays a lifeguard holding a man\u2019s body in his arms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s3\">In the midst of all this evidence of how canons of male beauty have been constructed and reconstructed throughout history is Anthony Patrick Manieri\u2019s\u00a0<i>Arrested Movement<\/i>\u00a0(2022), a short video that not only celebrates inclusive body positivity through the joy of dancing in the buff but lays bare, through its diversity of body shapes, sizes, and skin-tones, the illusion and delusion\u2014the trompe l\u2019oeil\u2014of long-established physical ideals.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content-image \/\/ \">\n<figure class=\"o-figure   alignleft size-medium wp-image-1234633020 lrv-u-max-width-100p\">\n<div class=\"c-lazy-image  \">\n<div class=\"lrv-a-crop-16x9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-lazy-image__img lrv-u-background-color-grey-lightest lrv-u-width-100p lrv-u-display-block lrv-u-height-auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_FashioningMasculinities_DH-1.jpg?w=400\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 87.5rem) 1000px, (min-width: 78.75rem) 681px, (min-width: 48rem) 450px, (max-width: 48rem) 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_FashioningMasculinities_DH-1.jpg 964w, https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JJ22_CriticalEye_FashioningMasculinities_DH-1.jpg?resize=400,337 400w\" alt=\"Cover of the &quot;Fashioning Masculinities&quot; catalogue, showing a young black man in 18th elegant century attire, leaning against a pedestal with a soccer ball under his arm.\" width=\"400\" height=\"337\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"c-figcaption  lrv-u-font-size-12 lrv-u-flex lrv-u-flex-direction-column lrv-u-padding-tb-025\"><span class=\"lrv-u-font-size-14@desktop\"><em>Fashioning Masculinities: The Art of Menswear<\/em>, edited by Rosalind McKever and Claire Wilcox with Marta Franceschini, London, V&amp;A Publishing, 2022; 272 pages, 208 color illustrations, $60 hardcover.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s3\">Visitors might want to read both McCall\u2019s\u00a0<i>Brilliant Bodies\u00a0<\/i>and Elizabeth Currie\u2019s essay \u201cBraggadocio: A Brief History of Swagger\u201d (in the \u201cFashioning Masculinities\u201d exhibition catalogue) before heading over to the show\u2019s second part, \u201cOverdressed.\u201d Here, we find portraits of a sixteenth-century Italian duke dressed in black and gold, and an eighteenth-century Irish earl draped in a shimmering cape made from exuberant crimson silk. Black might convey modesty, piety, honesty, religious austerity, temperance, penitence, and\/or restraint, but it was also a difficult color to produce, involving complicated and very costly dyeing processes. Less is sometimes more, but more is also more.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Until modern times, pink\u2014the subject of Valerie Steele\u2019s 2018 exhibition \u201cPink: The History of a Punk, Pretty, Powerful Color\u201d at the Museum at FIT (Fashion Institute of Technology) in New York\u2014was a masculine color and a symbol of class and luxury. It, too, required expensive dyes, derived in this instance from the shells of the cochineal insect most commonly found in South America. The V&amp;A curators (Claire Wilcox, Rosalind McKever, and Marta Franceschini) have creatively paired Joshua Reynolds\u2019s bodacious 1773-74 portrait of Charles Coote with a series of short clips featuring David Bowie from a 1975 BBC interview explaining his professional use of makeup on stage, the nonbinary drag king Adam All transforming their appearance for\u00a0<i>Style\u00a0<\/i>magazine (2018), and an advertisement for the Boy de Chanel cosmetic line for men.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The final subsection in \u201cOverdressed\u201d considers the use of bright colors, pastels, and floral motifs in menswear as a sign of privilege and freedom, with examples ranging from historical garments and paintings to Kehinde Wiley\u2019s 2017 portrait of Alexander Cassatt, in which luxuriant botanical motifs spring forth from the background and wrap themselves around the sitter\u2019s body like the opulent gold brocade in a Renaissance doublet.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-content-image \/\/ \">\n<figure class=\"o-figure   alignright size-medium wp-image-1234632978 lrv-u-max-width-100p\">\n<div class=\"c-lazy-image  \">\n<div class=\"lrv-a-crop-16x9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-lazy-image__img lrv-u-background-color-grey-lightest lrv-u-width-100p lrv-u-display-block lrv-u-height-auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/D.-Brucciani-Co.-Davids-Fig-Leaf-c.-1857-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg?w=400\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 87.5rem) 1000px, (min-width: 78.75rem) 681px, (min-width: 48rem) 450px, (max-width: 48rem) 250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/D.-Brucciani-Co.-Davids-Fig-Leaf-c.-1857-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.artnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/D.-Brucciani-Co.-Davids-Fig-Leaf-c.-1857-c-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum-London.jpg?resize=400,545 400w\" alt=\"A large white artificial fig leaf.\" width=\"400\" height=\"545\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"c-figcaption  lrv-u-font-size-12 lrv-u-flex lrv-u-flex-direction-column lrv-u-padding-tb-025\"><span class=\"lrv-u-font-size-14@desktop\">Plaster fig leaf, ca. 1857, from a replica of Michelangelo\u2019s\u00a0<em>David<\/em>\u00a0at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.<\/span><cite class=\"lrv-u-text-transform-uppercase lrv-u-color-grey\">COURTESY VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM<\/cite><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The third part of the show, \u201cRedressed,\u201d highlights the change from chromaphilia in menswear to the relatively drab uniformity of modern masculinity, represented by military gear and, among civilians, the black suit and bowler hat of the respectable everyman. But things don\u2019t end on a flat note. In a final elliptical room, the exhibition ends like a runway extravaganza with three showstopper gowns: Christian Siriano\u2019s black tuxedo dress designed for actor Billy Porter\u2019s Oscar appearance in 2019; Alessandro Michele\u2019s ensemble tailored for singer Harry Styles for the cover of\u00a0<i>Vogue<\/i>\u00a0in 2020; and the Ella Lynch wedding dress that contestant Bimini Bon-Boulash wore in the season finale of \u201cRuPaul\u2019s Drag Race UK\u201d in 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A black-and-white video projection with a booming soundtrack animates the wall as you enter, while mirrors on the opposite side transport the beholder into the spectacle. The gallery\u2019s oval shape encourages you to strut around the space, enjoying the cacophony of images, gowns, and music as if you were on a catwalk. After two years of elasticized WFH athleisure wear, this reviewer was inspired to\u00a0<i>stride, saunter, and sashay<\/i>\u00a0around the room and file back through the show once more to revisit the exhibition from the start.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">On a second viewing, I realized that while the three sections offer a wide variety of masculinities, one \u201cidentity\u201d left largely unexplored is that of the non-elite classes. Although \u201cFashioning Masculinities\u201d strives to expand definitions of maleness by celebrating gender neutrality, fluidity, and nonconformity,\u00a0<i>fashion<\/i>\u00a0remains largely in the hands (and closets) of an economic minority. An exploration of urban streetwear, from the ground up rather than the top down, would be a most welcome sequel to this buoyant if not rose-tinted spring\/summer collection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><em><span class=\"s1\">\u201cFashioning Masculinities: The Art of Menswear\u201d is on view at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, through Nov. 6.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A print version of this article appeared under the title \u201cHouse of Xtrazaganza\u201d in<\/em>\u00a0Art in America<em>, June\/July 2022, pp. 24-26.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Source\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.artnews.com\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Certain men\u2019s fashions have always\u00a0been controversial. In 2014, Mark Rylance, a star of the BBC\u2019s popular sixteenth-century TV drama \u201cWolf Hall,\u201d told reporters that he thought \u201cthe codpieces are too small.\u201d The actor, who played chief minister Thomas Cromwell, protagonist of the Hilary Mantel best seller on which the series was based, speculated that the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,13,7,4,3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1593","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-artist","8":"category-auction","9":"category-events","10":"category-gallery","11":"category-latest-news"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>BULGING CODPIECES &amp; MULTICOLORED TIGHTS: RENAISSANCE MEN\u2019S FASHION TODAY - Investable Art Auctioneer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Certain men\u2019s fashions have always\u00a0been controversial. 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